We
must make recycling used materials the priority in our national economy.
We
must treat the diverse used materials as recourse products and not as waste.
We
must provide suitable collection containers and stations to drop-off the
materials.
We
must educate the population in a continuing learning
throughout all age groups
to achieve results.
We
must encourage the public to become participants in the recycling programs.
We
must heighten the say of the people in none dictatorial ways; which means
government needs to listen to the people's recommendations.
We
must teach the preservation; that means recycled materials remanufacture and
that will consume less energy and fewer virgin resources.
We,
the people, lets recycle.
Link
to an example site:
http://www.metro-region.org/article.cfm?ArticleID=19001
Lawe aku i ka opala a me ho'ohana ka
Take away the rubbish and
use it
Regardless of the added load
the rail-tramway will place on Kauai's electrical production, the island will
still need more electricity production. Population growth, based on current
projections alone, will create this need. The planners of
HART-BEAT,
whose philosophy is to incorporate as many problems and concerns as possible
into one action. Look at this and ask, "What electrical-generating would follow
the principles of this philosophy and suit the needs of a community. We
discussed solar electrical production, but there is an another source of energy
production possible.
On September 14, 1989, the County of Kauai stated.
County Landfills are
filling up.
Suitable Landfill sites
are getting rare.
Construction costs have
increased dramatically.
Solid Waste Production
is rising.
Wastewater sludge is
increasing as flows increase.
New plants are coming
into use and primary treatment plant change-over to include secondary treatment
must come on line.
Commercial users face
increasing disposal costs.
Tipping fees, transport
and landfill cover material costs add to the normal charges.
The current average daily
collection in 1999-2000 is apx.76 tons, private sector.
And the commercial side is an
other 180 tons a day
(The
Garden
Island 04/14/2000)
(an increase since 1990) and
still increasing by our modern throw-away society.
This
is far to much for our little - land limited
Island
-
The combined total = 256t
also the equivalent
(gross combined) of 256 barrels of
oil per day = $6400 per day @ $25.00 per barrel. Or $ 2'336'000.00 annually.
Folks please look at those
numbers.
The most obvious method of electrical production, taking these concerns as
stated by the County of Kauai
The mass-burn is the other solution, therefore the better one.
1. Burn pre-sorted and none
recyclable Garbage.
2. Burn Bagasse, a sugar
production byproduct
3. Burn Methane Gas
4.
Treat Solid Sewage Waste and convert it into added burning material, or use it
as dry sludge to be an additive to compost and as fertilizer.
The
need for converting garbage is obvious; dwindling landfill space is already a
problem and there are projections for significant increases in Kauai's
population which will only worsen the problem. The main reason for burning
garbage is landfill space cut. Control dangerous pollutants into the atmosphere
by the mass burn and scrubbers.
Dioxin emissions are of particular concern because they are greater at lower
temperatures, "the old incinerators."
PLASMA
TECHNOLOGY = ZERO EMISSION
Currently not suitable for
KAUAI, reason = we need
to look forwards for the
electrical generation of
alternative fuels and build
accordingly.
Incorporate bagas, the sugar by-product, into the mass burner. Burn Island
produced biomass of diverse origin. Stay carbon emission neutral, since anything
growing aboveground will reabsorb the emitted carbon gases in the closed loop
approach. Consider that anything burned from underground is carbon dioxide loading to
the environment unless we find away to redeposit this carbon dioxide emission back to the point
of origin by sequestration.
Burn bagas and second the
no longer recyclable trash plus the added Island produced biomass.
Oil is only for backup burning and to uphold the base load. Install heat
recovery in the whole mass burn application to recover all thermal energy.
Look at the future for need for
self-reliance and dominating factors.
Failure to deal with emission
controls by political money buying influence is not acceptable for the country
and none democratic.
Market forces are often in
conflict with viewpoints toward the environment. Economics with application to
destroy make no sense in any spot.
The methane gas could come from
the sewage treatment plants from across the island. The treatment plants would
need anaerobic digesting generators to create the methane gas from the raw
sewage. Pipe the formed methane gas in a perhaps recycled plastic pipeline [PVC]
to the in mass burner. The gas would flow under negative pressure--4 to 6 inches
of water or nearly minus 0.18 lbs. The reasons are to conserve energy in the
transport; no gas escape to the atmosphere if any leak should develop and to
reduce explosion danger. Methane change to hydrogen may
be possible in the future. De-moisturize methane gas for direct burning in gas
stoves in household applications.
Collected methane gas at closed
landfill sites. Install suction pipes in to the cover soil. Gather the methane
gas in to the manifold at the main pipeline. Orifice decrease will be needed at
the landfill's collection pipes to keep a modest vacuum in the main. Vacuum
pumps and the equalizer tanks would be at the mass burn plant. Exhaust from the
vacuum pumps will then be blown into the furnace for combustion. Methane gas is
low on pollutants and "Also extract energy." Methane unrefined for raw
for burning in the mass burner is OK. Moisture traps and escapes along the line
will be required (see schematic) not on the web now. If methane gas is used as
combustion engine fuel, then refining is required, thus increasing the cost of
the fuel. Also remember the thermal efficiency of the combustion engine! The
growing population of Kauai will create ever greater amounts of solid waste,
therefore we must address the issue and solve the condition.
To produce more off the
collectable methane gas we may want to re-circulate some of the seepage water
from the bottom liner wells to the top of the landfill trash pile. This
recirculation will moisten the trash and strengthen the bacterial growth.
Digestion and breakdown of the refuse will complete the phase and produce more
of the usable methane gas.
A well designed and run Bio Gas
producing station should pay for it self in about 3 years, here again we must
consider the remote location of the Island with it's associated transport costs
to bring in foreign fuels.
The Environmental Protection
Agency published in the Federal Register on February 6, 1989 this statement:
"The EPA will actively promote those municipal sludge management practices that
provide for the beneficial use of sludge while maintaining or improving
environmental quality and protecting public health." According to John Moore,
former acting administrator of the EPA, "this proposal will help lower the
contaminant level of sludge and make it easier for the local communities to
market it successfully. The purpose of this rule is not to reduce sludge volume,
but to assure a quality of sludge that is safe. The rule would encourage local
communities throughout the nation and beyond to recognize the value of sludge as
a marketable resource. Sludge normally contains organic material that can be
sold as agricultural or home garden fertilizer for as much as $30-$60 per dry
ton."
Opponents of incineration cite
environmental affects such as gaseous and particulate emissions, including toxic
substances such as dioxins, toxic units in both bottom and fly-ash, possible
water pollution and silting problems. They also stress the high costs of
construction and maintenance and the potential of incineration to obstruct
setting up recycling programs or to weaken their effectiveness. How valid are
those objections?
Argumentation about toxicity
disposal in the ash is prevalent; however it is true there are toxic ingredients
in the ash. Example; if we have for example 1 gram of arsenic and 1 gram of lead
in "100 cubic feet" of raw trash. Result; then in total there is no more or no
less of the arsenic or lead toxins to in the material so or so. The difference
however is, there is a volumetric difference. We may now consider the disposal
mater of from a point of cubic area (the volumetric decline with burning is up
to 85%) This volumetric decrease will now need a far smaller landfill area. The
smaller area will allow us to be more efficient to collect contaminants due to
the smaller collection space.
Also burn--extract
energy--reduce landfill space and contain the toxins in a smaller area. Perhaps
we find a way to create a fixed form in the future, let us hope so.
"WHERE THERE IS A WILL - THERE IS A WAY."
The choice is not between
incineration and recycling, but between incineration and landfills. Even if a
recycling rate of 50 percent (equal to that of Japan, Switzerland, the best in
the world), is achieved,
then some reduction burning is still necessary. The challenge is to use
state-of-the-art technologies to expand both recycling and incineration, and to
continue to refine these technologies.
Understanding and cooperation of citizens is essential!
Concerns about
pollution, health effects, although valid for early incinerators that lacked
emission controls and exhausted combustion gasses directly to the atmosphere are
much less valid today. Pollution will continue to decrease as new
state-of-the-art plants are built around the world, such as the one being
proposed and envisaged here for Kauai.
Build the trash collection bin
with exhaust hood over the bin, bin produced smells will now flow to the furnace
combustion chamber and destroyed. Reduce vicinity odor and burn harmful bacteria
from the trash bin territory. Set up clean and friendly neighborhood areas.
Since we will burn multifuel
sources, meaning bagase and trash we may need the multifunction grating. This is
especially so as for lumped and wet trash clumps. Please see the illustration
for this idea.
Black arrows point out the fuel
flow stream.
Maroon is the
multigrading.
Blue is the rotating
drums. Rotating the water cooled drums will shred and break up the lumped
material. This breakup will improve the combustion of the fuel and advance ash
decrease, the main idea to lessen landfill space. By doing this we can also
extract the maximum Btu’s from the fuels.
Brown is the
boiler housing, no details shown.
The heat exchanger could be of
a two-stage design. Exhaust steam will preheat makeup water for the boiler and
the second stage will future heat the makeup water before entering the boiler
chamber.
Dual use of turbine exhaust
steam will take place, first improving re-condensation of the exhaust steam and
second preheating the combustion air.
Rapid condensing pull down is
contributing to the increase of the overall efficiency of the steam turbine
(negative steam turbine exit pressure). Decrease of cooling water need in the
loop is conserving water and pumping energy.
Recycling programs such as the
onset into 1990 has the wholehearted support of the planners of HART-BEAT.
Chlorine (chlorine is a coral
destroyer) to make the product harmless, there should be no such chemical
contamination, also pasteurize.
THE KILN -
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
Feed the kiln with a hydraulic
stoker plunger with the raw sludge. Install a fixed kiln wall scraper at the
first stage of the drying phase to avoid caking. Forward stages of the kiln will
incorporate the regular wall mounted kiln paddles. Forwarded sludge will heat up
and achieve sterilization.
Heat source for the drying is
the gas (smoke) waste heat on the end stream of the furnace. Drying of the
sludge will not consume heating energy. However, energy is needed to run the
plunger, turn the kiln, the conveyor belts, and the gas exhaust fans. Energy is
thus slight, thus not an energy consumer.
This is a new technological
idea the planners of HART-BEAT wish to
incorporate into the expert plan.
Multifunction ideas are
creative and will help lessen many of the problems facing Kauai. It will ease
the demand placed on the dwindling landfill space of the Garden Isle, and deal
with wastewater, sludge and solid waste (garbage) disposal.
This sterilized sludge creates
a cheaper, chlorine free and safer market of fertilizers for Kauai's home garden
and agricultural needs.
WASTE HEAT TO ICE
Capture waste heat to produce
ice by the water/ammonia absorption cycle, or use produced chill water in the
cascade (30ºF degree below 0ºF) application in the conventional ice production.
Use chill water for air-conditioning were ever possible and to pre-cool the feed
water in the ice making. Use industrial ice as concrete additive; this will
lower the hydration heat, a must in warm climates and in mass concrete
applications. Use this produced ice in icehouse settings to reduce external
energy consumption. Transport such ice in insulated trucks to recipients.
Heat sources; exit steam at the
steam turbines 250ºF
±, exit gases at the
thermal boilers 350ºF>, exit gases at the diesel engines 350ºF>. For cooling
water treatment; use existing conventional applications.
Here again an argumentation may
take place. On looking on this we may say, "This is needing a major capital
investment!" This is true; however, the result of labor in all phases will have
returns. The gains are that people who work on this island will be able to
contribute to their livelihood and create means and ways to do so.
Here again an argumentation may take place. Upon looking on this we may say,
"This is requiring a major capital investment!" This is true; however, the
result of input of labor in all phases will have returns. The gains are, that
people who work on this island will be able to contribute to their livelihood
and create means and ways to do so.
http://www.nap.edu/books/030906371X/html/related.html
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5803.html
Transport the refuse during
off-peek from the diverse compactor stations around the island to the mass burn
location on the rail. Reduce highway truck traffic and congestion and increase
road safety. Park the special, leak proof, designed railcars at the compactor to
receive the trash. Combine many railcars in to one consist for the transport to
the mass burn station and conserve fuel. Lessen highway wear and tear and use
domestic produced energy, sludge transport may be identical.
See solar power and its uses.
click
http://www.azsolarcenter.com/
http://www.solarworks.com
Related topics:
http://search.msn.com/results.asp?RS=CHECKED&FORM=MSNH&v=1&q=massburn
Below you will find higher ed. data for wind
generators
http://www.windpower.org/en/core.htm
and for the keiki (kids)
http://www.windpower.org/en/kids/index.htm
http://www.vestas.com/vestas/global/en/
Create wet-lands for wastewater
purification; use the ponds to collect storm runoff and to feed the wetlands.
Promote groundwater recharging and a home for a host of aquatic life, wildlife
and natural organisms that combine to make up a complex ecosystem that
stabilizes itself.
Wetlands are an essential to
the integrated whole of the ecosystem on Kauai and on all the Hawaiian Islands.
Teach Man's past ignorance of valuable natural reserve with the knowledge of the
wetlands’ role. However with new understanding, we can pick up acceptable
results. The knowledge that wetlands play a valuable role in the ecosystem will
allow Kauai to make use of them and create a valuable economics for Kauai as
well.
Water purifying with water hyacinths
is in research and currently used on the Mainland. Water hyacinths grow and
multiply, harvesting of the plants is necessary as the harvested biomass produce
methane gas. (Problems with mosquitoes)
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/weeds/aqua010.html
Compost the slurry from the
biogas (digester) to use as a nutrient-rich soil amendment. Introduce effluent
water to modeled wetlands for natural treatment. Use the cleaned water for
reforestation projects with drip irrigation application. Consider this pond
water as value and preservation of environment with responsible action.
What waste is this? An example
is the City of Los Angeles which produces 520 million gallons of effluent water
a day, and deposits it into the ocean. 520 million gallons of water will cover
one-square-mile of land with two-and-a-half feet of water. How this waste can
continue is beyond to understand the planers of the integrated
HART BEAT plan.
Ten acres of wetlands will
treat a million gallons-a-day. Agricultural land is suitably zoned, so set away
50 or 100 acres of cane land. Environmentally sound use of land is of great
value to the landowner (lease it to the people), than subsidized agriculture.
Economics are very interesting,
it is estimated that a constructed wetlands system can be implemented at a
cost saving from one-third to one-half than of conventional treatment. EPA
funded Most of the capital costs (the cost of building the plant) in the form of
grants. That is all changed now, revolving loan funds must be paid back, they
indebted the county and the taxpayer for the life of the plan.
Installed effluent lines along
the light-rail enable delivering the now recyclable commodity at reasonable
cost, let us preserve water.
It would be a good idea for the
people of Kauai to study this HART BEAT
proposal.
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/nov97/shed1197.htm
Alternate Sustainable Systems
http://www.ebara.ch/twinrec.php?n=1
Here you can get a sample of energy applications.
http://www.willyoujoinus.com/energyville/index.aspx?economist=eco3459
Let us have,
The best in the west
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